Terminologi audio PC

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Fahami terminologi audio PC


Antara trend terkini dalam dunia rakaman dan audio global ialah proliferasi teknologi pemampatan audio  MP3 yang kini mengubah landskap storan dan permainan lagu-lagu secara lebih berkesan, khususnya dari segi
pemindahan fail-fail lagu merentasi Internet. Untuk memahami lebih mendalam fenomena itu, berikut disenaraikan beberapa bahasa (lingo) yang berkaitan dengan teknologi audio dan video.

AAC (Advanced Audio Coding): 


Juga dipanggil MPEG-2 AAC atau MPEG-2 NBC. Codec audio ini adalah lanjutan kepada codec MP3 ciptaan Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.Kemajuan teknologi membolehkan bunyi berasaskan kod fail AAC pada 96 kilobit sesaat lebih berkualiti berbanding fail kod MP3 pada 128 kbps. 

ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation): 


Format pengekodan ini menghasilkan saiz fail lebih kecil berbanding format WAV atau AIFF, malah format audio CD biasa. Terdapat beberapa format ADPCM, antaranya IMA ADPCM untuk Sony MiniDisc; Microsoft ADPCM untuk codec Windows 95, serta banyak alat pemain audio MP3 bagi tujuan rakaman suara.

Pemain audio: 


Satu program yang mengubah angka digit 1 dan 0 di dalam fail audio menjadi signal audio.

Codec: Codec ialah algoritma untuk memampat dan menyahmampat fail-fail audio/video tanpa kehilangan data yang signifikan, seperti MP3 atau RealAudio, yang jauh lebih kecil dan mudah disalurkan merentasi Web
dan dianggap masih mampu mengekalkan sebahagian kualiti bunyi rakaman asal. 

DRM (Digital Rights Management): 


Satu teknologi selamat membolehkan pemilik hak cipta harta intelektual menetapkan apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh pengguna terhadap hasil ciptaannya.

DSP (Digital Signal Processing): 


Pemprosesan (lazimnya masa nyata) signal audio akan menghasilkan bunyi yang berbeza berbanding rakaman asal. Contohnya ialah bunyi berkaitan lonjakan bass; simulasi 3D; dan Rock, Jazz, dan klasikal.

Memori flash: 


Sejenis storan data memori solid-state kecil dan data untuk alat pemain MP3, kamera digital dan PDA. Ia merangkumi memori CompactFlash, SmartMedia, dan Memory Stick.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface): 


MIDI adalah protokol kecil dan efisien yang membolehkan alat-alat muzik elektronik berkomunikasi sesama mereka dan dengan komputer. Ia tidak menghasilkan bunyi sendiri, dan terpaksa menggunakan wavetable,
synthesiser, atau drum. 

MP3: 


Sebuah fail bunyi dimampat menggunakan pengekodan MP3, dan menghasilkan fail-fail lebih kecil dan mudah disalurkan menerusi Internet.

MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group): 


Ia adalah standard pemampatan fail-fail bunyi dan filem ke format lebih kecil untuk tujuan pemindahan terima - atau streaming merentasi Internet, lazimnya pada kelajuan 150 kbps.

Skin: 


Anda boleh mengubah pelbagai jenis elemen-elemen grafik untuk program seperti Winamp atau Sonique dengan mencipta skin.

Kad Bunyi: 


Kad litar untuk membolehkan komputer memain dan merakamkan bunyi. Ia dilengkapi soket untuk headphone, speaker, stereo, pemain MiniDisc dan
lain-lain lagi. Lazimnya ia menerima dan memancarkan signal analog, walaupun ada kad yang boleh mengendalikan signal input dan output digital.

Watermark: 


Satu kod unik yang dimasukkan ke dalam fail audio untuk mengecam pengguna pertama yang membeli fail MP3 secara sah, yang membolehkan RIAA mengesan
pencabul undang-undang hak cipta. 

WAV: 


Fail audio Windows belum dimampat yang bersaiz besar yang memaksa penciptaan format pemampatan fail seperti MP3.

WMA: 


Format Windows Media Player yang menurut ujian bebas menghasilkan bunyi sebaik MP3 pada 50 peratus kadar bit saiz fail berbanding MP3.

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